Communication is the transfer of
ideas and information from one person to another person. It is a bridge of meaning
among people so that they can share what they feel and know. By using this bridge, a
person can safely cross the river of misunderstanding that sometimes separates people. To
make successful communication there are different methods/ways.
Different types of communication
can be depicted by the following diagram :
(A)
On the basis of location of the receiver :
Depending on the location of the receiver there are two types of
communication :
(l) Internal communication, (2)
External communication
(1)
Internal communication : Communication among the members
of an organization is known as internal
communication. That is when executives and employee of an organization communicate
each other within the organization then it will be labeled as internal communication.
(2)
External Communication : When executives and employees of
an organization
communicates or exchanges
information with outsiders of the organization then it is called
external communication.
Formal
and Informal Communication : Both internal
and external communication .
can be subdivided into two types
:
(i) Formal Communication ,
(ii) Informal Communication.
(i)
Formal Communication : When information exchanged
through formal
organizational channels by
following fixed rules then it is known as formal communication. l
(ii)
Informal Communication : Fixed rules and system can not
prevent people from
talking with each other. Thus the
communication that takes place with in and outside of
an organization through
unofficial lines can be labeled as informal communication.
(B) On the Basis of Media of
Presentation
: From this point' of view communication can be of
three (3) types :
(l) Written Communication
(2) Oral/Verbal Communication
(3) Non-Verbal Communication
(1)
Written Communication: When information, ideas, or feelings exchanged
in
written form, then is known as
written communication. Written communication has its
own importance and for some
particular purposes it has no other alternatives.
(2)
Oral/Verbal Communication: It is a process of communication
through words.
Verbal communication consists of
words arranged in meaningful patterns. Oral
communication normally takes
place in a face to face situation. It may be formal or
informal.
(3)
Non-Verbal Communication: Communication without using
words or writings
is known as non-verbal communication.
In other words, non-verbal communication means
communication through physical
movements and facial expressions. Gestures, posture,
eye movements, etc. are examples
of non-verbal communication.
(C)
On the Basis of Information Flow : Depending on the flow of
information
there are different types of
communication :
(1) Vertical Communication I
(2)
Horizontal Communication
(3) Cross/Diagonal Communication.
(1)
Vertical Communication : When
communication takes place between superior
and subordinates then it is known
as vertical communication. Here flow of information
can be of two types :
(i) Downward
(ii) Upward
i.
Downward : It is the flow of
information from higher authority to lower authority.
ii.
Upward : Here the flow of
information goes to higher authority from subordinates.
(2)
Horizontal communication : This type of
communication flows between
employees of equal level.
(3)
Cross/Diagonal communication :
Communication across the formal chain of
command is known as cross or
diagonal communication. In this case executives and
employees of different departments
and of different levels communicates each other
without maintaining the official
channels.
(D) Other forms of communication :
I Besides the above types of communication
there can be some other forms of
communication like mass communication.
1.
Mass Communication : When
communication takes place among large group of
people then it can be termed as
mass communication. There is no formal system for mass
communication, it is situational.
For different social and political purposes mass
communication can takes place.
2.
Consensus : It is a kind of
unanimous decision. Consensus is a process of arriving
at a complete agreement in a point
through discussion.
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